Ethical Issues

Authorship

The author must:

1. Contribute substantially to the conception and design of the study, the acquisition of data, or the analysis and interpretation of results.
2. Draft or critically revise the article.
3. Provide final approval of the version to be published.
4. Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Acquisition of funding or general supervision of the research group alone does not constitute authorship.

Conflict of Interest

Conflicts of interest may influence the results of research, including the design of the study, data collection, analysis, and their presentation. Authors must include a statement in their manuscript about any financial, personal, or professional issues that could have influenced the results. This statement should disclose financial support from pharmaceutical companies (e.g., grants, employment, work agreements, advisory board memberships, or conference participation support). Manuscripts supported by pharmaceutical companies may be accepted after peer review, provided the authors clearly declare this support. The product name should appear in the manuscript only once and not in the title; the active substance name must be used in all other instances.

Editorial Policies on Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

For reports on human clinical studies, authors must declare that the study was approved by an ethics committee. In the case of non-interventional studies based on data analysis, patients must provide informed consent for data collection. Data collection or case report publication should be approved by an ethics committee. All patient-identifiable information, including initials, hospital names, or protocol numbers, should be removed from figures. Photographs must not allow patient identification.

Editorial Policy on the Use of Artificial Intelligence

Manuscripts prepared with the support of artificial intelligence (AI) may be published, provided the authors declare its use, including the type and extent of assistance. AI tools used for grammar, spelling, formatting, and reference cleanup do not need to be disclosed. The journal does not accept manuscripts with nonhuman authors. LLMs and AI tools cannot be listed as authors under any circumstances.