Myelomem indukované kardiovaskulární problémy

Abstract

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Summary

Cardiovascular complications in multiple myeloma

Most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are over 50 years old, with a median age of diagnosis of 70 years and this is the age when cardiovascular disease is common. In patients with MM, the incidence of hypertension has been shown to be higher than in the average population of the same age, and cardiovascular disease is present in 69% of MM patients. Myeloma cells have some pathophysiological mechanisms negatively affecting the cardiovascular system, and the drugs used also have a negative effect. Myeloma cell products can damage the cardiovascular system by the following mechanisms: damage to the heart by light chain deposits in amyloid or amorphous form, hyperviscosity, hyperkinetic heart failure in shunt circulation, pulmonary hypertension, negative effects of anaemia and renal failure on cardiovascular fitness.

It is important for patients that their doctor is familiar with these phenomena and adjusts the treatment of MM appropriately so that the benefits always outweigh the side effects. The review summarizes current knowledge of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications in patients with symptomatic MM.

Keywords: cardiovascular complications of multiple myeloma.