Deskriptivní epidemiologie vybraných hematoonkologických onemocnění v České republice

Abstract

The oncological diseases collectively represent the second most common cause of death in the developer countries of the World. For this reason, it is necessary to continuously monitor the epidemiological situation or these diseases, where the obtained epidemiological data are used for the creation of health (oncological) policy and the possible proposal of preventive measures. Hemato-oncological diseases are considered the fifth most common cancer in the economically developer countries of the World. In the Czech Republic (CR) in 2018, the incidence of hemato-oncological diseases was 6.4 % of all oncological diseases, the mortality was 7.1 % of the total mortality of oncological diseases. The aim of the communication was to evaluate the epidemiological situation in the four main groups of hemato-oncological diseases in the Czech Republic in the recent period (2000-2019), and to compare the epidemiological situation with neighbouring countries. The main four groups of hemato-oncological diseases evaluated were: Hodgkin's lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma and leukaemia. Data from the National Oncology Register (NOR) were used to assess the situation in the Czech Republic, and an international comparison was made based on data from GLOBOCAN. In all four disease groups, there has been a slight increase in incidence in the recent period. The largest increase in incidence was observed in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the lowest increase in incidence was observed in Hodgkin's lymphoma. A regional comparison of the average incidence for the period 2017-2021 brought an interesting finding. The results showed that in the Královehradecký region, the highest incidence was in three of the four groups of mentioned diseases, namely: Hodgkin's lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukaemia. Despite the slightly increasing incidence of the mentioned diseases, it is important that the mortality of the mentioned diseases showed a stabilization in the recent period (2000-2019), and in certain cases a decreasing trend. The highest mortality in the Czech Republic is observed in leukaemia, the lowest in Hodgkin's lymphoma. When comparing the epidemiological situation in the Czech Republic with the surrounding countries (Germany, Slovakia, and Poland) for the period 2000-2010, it showed that the lowest incidence was reported in the Czech Republic for three groups of diseases: Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukaemia.