Uterine perforation during intrauterine procedures and its management

Abstract

Summary: Objective: Uterine perforation is a potential, not rare complication of all intrauterine procedures and may be associated with injury of surrounding organs and structures. The incidence, risk factors, possible prevention, diagnosis, management and impact on future reproduction is reviewed here. Methods: Systematic review of available sources on the topic was done using the PubMed database and textbooks of Czech authors. Conclusion: Some risk factors that make access to the uterine cavity difficult may be prevented, however others remain unpreventable. For patients in whom the perforation occurred during sondage, dilatation or insertion of blunt and cold instrument, without significant bleeding  and who are hemodynamically stable, observation is recommanded rather than immediate abdominal exploration. The exception are young women planning pregnancy in whom endoscopic suture is indicated. Abdominal exploration is required in patients in whom injury was caused with electrosurgical or sharp device, laser, suction curette, who are hemodynamically unstable or show signs of severe bleeding or visceral injury.